Resources
ADI’s library of resources and support materials help customers maximize their ADEPT capabilities. Resources include books, technical articles, publications, white papers, and software updates.
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Technical Library
Open Process Automation- and Digital Twin-Based Performance Monitoring of a Process Manufacturing System
ABSTRACT: Open Process Automation (OPA) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies show great promise to reduce risk, downtime, and energy consumption, while improving safety and efficiency in manufacturing systems. OPA defi nes a reference architecture for…
Kane’s Equations for Nonholonomic Systems in Bond-Graph-Compatible Velocity and Momentum Forms
Applied Dynamics International’s (ADI) Senior Applications Engineer, Mr. James R. Phillips, along with co-author, Dr. Farid Amirouche, presented this paper at the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics in December 2021. This paper is a co…
Advanced Operator Interface Panels in ADEPT
ADI’s release of the ADEPT 10.1 Service Pack includes significant advancements to the ADEPT Panels, a tool that provides the ability to create and operate graphical user interfaces that interact with real-time frameworks. The ADEPT Panel toolbox is …
Digital Engineering for Process Manufacturing using ADEPT and MATLAB/Simulink Simscape
Introduction Applied Dynamics International (ADI) recently completed the Digital Twin and Open Automation for Process Manufacturing project. The primary objective of the project was to demonstrate viable proof-of-concept Digital Twin and Open Aut…
Using Modbus TCP with ADEPT
ADI’s ADEPT Framework now supports Modbus TCP for use in Real-Time Linux servers. Modbus TCP is a data communications protocol originally used with industrial programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Modbus TCP has become the de facto standard c…
What Do Virtual V&V and Digital Twins Have in Common?
Modern aerospace systems have continued to grow increasingly complex, demanding an advanced approach in test and evaluation. This paper explores broad industry trends towards growing capabilities in virtual Verification and Validation, and details h…
EtherCAT Industrial Devices with ADEPT Real-Time Linux Servers
ADI’s ADEPT Framework now supports Ethernet for Control Automation, EtherCAT, for use in Real-Time Linux servers. EtherCAT is a fieldbus system suitable for both hard and soft real-time computing, making it a great choice for use in ADI’s ADEPT Fram…
Facilitating Efficient, Effective Remote V&V with ADEPT
The ADEPT Framework and its predecessors have been facilitating efficient and effective real-time verification and validation activities at global aerospace, defense, and industrial sites for decades. The benefits and capabilities of ADEPT however a…
Introduction to ADEPT Enterprise Server
The ADEPT Framework is comprised of four main client tools: ADEPT-DE, ADEPT-VI, ADEPT-GD and ADEPT-DB. The ADEPT Enterprise Server (ADEPT-ES) is a utility that enhances cybersecurity, teamwork, and usability across the entire ADEPT environment. ADEP…
Revision Control in the ADEPT Framework using Subversion (SVN)
The ADEPT Framework, ADI’s industrial data and control software platform, is constantly evolving to provide users with enhanced and integrated access to best-in-class, open-source tools in model-based systems engineering and software management. Wit…
ADEPT & Simulink Integration
The ADEPT Framework, ADI’s industrial data and control software platform, has been designed from the ground up for seamless integration with many of the most powerful and advanced applications in model-based systems engineering. There is perhaps no …
Open Process Automation Standard (O-PAS)
In late 2019, the Open Process Automation Standard (O-PAS) Version 1.0 was published by The Open Group to standardize distributed, virtual and real-time computation, for Industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. Since then, O-PAS has become …
A Modern Approach to Managing Complex Multi-Protocol Network Definitions Throughout the Product Development Lifecycle
Modern systems have grown increasingly dependent on data networks to share information between subsystems. Managing network definitions and configurations for multiple platforms throughout testing and development is an enormous and critical task for…
Cyberphysical Aircraft Development and Test Using Industrial Linux Servers
The value of cyberphysical product development within Integration, Verification, and Validation (IVV) is immense, with reduced cost for aircraft flight test and shortened product development cycles as a result of more concurrency in product engineer…
Improving Collaboration for Cyber-Physical Product Development with FMI/FMU
Improved cyber-physical product development reduces technology integration costs, helps manage technology risk, and reduces cost over the entire software life-cycle. FMI technology can improve efficiency and reduce integration time of collaborative …
Accessing PLC Data with Industrial Real-Time Linux Servers over EtherNet/IP
Accessing Industrial Data Industrial data and control frameworks need to be able to utilize data from both servers and peripheral equipment, such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). To do so requires communication between devices, c…
ADEPT Brings Improved Cybersecurity Features
Introduction It is a well-known maxim that security is a process rather than a product (or feature.) In this article we first discuss general process requirements for cybersecurity of industrial Linux deployments with ADEPT, and then we describe …
Server Discovery – Simplifying Industrial Linux Server Configuration Management
Industrial computing and data handling capabilities often need to be flexible, reconfigurable, expandable and extensible to data APIs. Managing the configuration of these dynamic computing systems can involve heavy administrative effort and can be v…
Cyber-physical Product Dev using Industrial Linux Servers – Aircraft Case Study
This whitepaper is a follow-up to a paper published at the AIAA’s 2014 Aviation conference, by the same author, looking at the current state of cyber-physical and virtual systems integration, verification, and validation and its role in aircraft cer…
Understanding the Real-Time Executive Daemon (rtxd) for Linux
This whitepaper introduces the real-time executive daemon and includes the following sections: What is the rtxd? Who uses the rtxd? The rtx daemon – Linux Real-Time Executive Real-Time Computing and Data Handling Frameworks Real-Time…
Industrial Real-Time Linux Servers
This whitepaper introduces the concept of industrial real-time Linux servers and includes the following sections: What is an Industrial Real-Time Linux Server? What is the business value? The Challenge of Legacy Industrial Computing and Da…
From the Lab to the Skies Using an RF-Link
Introduction One of the greatest benefits of the ADEPT Framework is the easy transition from virtual development and test to physical integration and verification. However, when your physical platform is mobile, such as a UAS, a solution is …
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 10 – Asynchronous Real-time Multi-rate Simulation with Single and Multiple Processors
10.1 Introduction In this chapter we show how the real-time variable-step integration described in Chapter 9 can be combined with the multi-rate integration described in Chapter 8 to implement asynchronous real-time multi-rate simulation using eithe…
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 9 – Variable-Step Real-Time Simulation
9.1 Introduction In the real time simulation of dynamic systems it has been traditional to use a fixed time step for numerical integration. Indeed, we have made this assumption in all of the previous chapters of these notes. As noted in Chapter 1, t…
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 7 – Modified Euler Integration
7.1 Introduction We have seen in Chapter 1 that Euler or rectangular integration is the simplest numerical integration algorithm. Because of its simplicity it requires fewer digital instructions to implement and therefore runs faster than any other …
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 6 – Special Methods for Simulating Linear Systems
6.1 Introduction In the simulation of dynamic systems it is often found that at least portions of the system can be described by linear ordinary differential equations. For example, control systems, although generally nonlinear, will frequently cont…
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 3 – Dynamics Errors for Fixed-Step Integration Methods
3.1 Introduction Error analysis of numerical integration algorithms is traditionally based on the residual error terms in the Taylor series expansion representing the integral. Although such error measures do establish the dependence of the error…
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Overview of Real-time Digital Simulation Simulation of physical systems using digital computers continues to play an ever increasing role in all aspects of today’s technological society. In general the basis for simulation resides in mathemat…
Dynamics of Real Time Simulation
Computational methods in real-time simulation and control are in general not well understood by scientists and engineers, even when they have had extensive experience in non-real-time simulation. In particular, many of the methods used to control dy…
Managing Multi-protocol Network Definitions for Industrial Data Applications
Modern aircraft have grown increasingly dependent on data networks to share data between subsystems. As these networks grow in complexity, managing the network definitions throughout the development and test processes has become a critical and time …
Distributed Electrical Aerospace Propulsion – Future Aircraft Concept
The Distributed Electrical Aerospace Propulsion (DEAP) concept aircraft combines six electric engines for main propulsion, electrical storage, and a single gas turbine engine for electrical power generation. This technology development program, led …
Development of a Real-Time Capable Integrated Aircraft Model
AIAA Aviation, August 2013 – by Dr. Clare Savaglio, Applied Dynamics Flight simulation models are used throughout the aircraft industry including aircraft subsystem design; control system development; training simulation; cockpit display developm…
More Electric Aircraft Power Systems Facility
Developing Aircraft Power Systems of the Future Over the past decade, the aircraft industry has converged on a shared vision for the future of aircraft power systems. This vision represents a dramatic shift away from various types of power found …
Aircraft IMA Integration Bench
Managing the Challenges of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) is forever changing commercial and military avionics systems. IMA, and its early adopters have rewritten the rules of integration, verification, and ce…
The Expanded Reach of Simulation Based Aircraft System Verification and its Software Capability Requirements
The engineering and technology space surrounding Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been growing in scope and importance for product development companies, for at least a couple decades. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) methodologies allow…
Improving the Accuracy of Intermediate-pass Outputs in Multi-pass Real-Time Integration Methods
In using multi-pass integration methods for real-time simulation of dynamic systems, it may be desirable to employ intermediate-pass state-variable calculations as real-time outputs. For example, the real-time version of 2nd-order Runge-Kutta (RTRK-…
Predictor Methods in Real-Time Simulation
In real-time simulation it may sometimes be necessary to advance a data sequence {xn} by a given time interval in order to compensate for a delay of the same time interval which occurs somewhere else in the simulation. For example, it is well known …
Simulation-Centric Processes for Aerospace
Big aerospace and military applications represent the extreme end of embedded-systems complexity. Here’s how an embedded manager uses simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing to break problems down to size. These guidelines can be used for any la…
RTOS Versus GPOS: What is Best for Embedded Development?
Do most embedded projects still need an RTOS? It is a good question, given the speed of today’s high-performance processors and the availability of real-time patches for Linux, Windows, and other General Purpose Operating Systems (GPOSs). By Paul N….
Real-Time Simulation and Model-Based-Systems- Engineering Using Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) Computer Equipment
This paper presents the requirements development (including requirement creep), selection, and integration of a small commercial off the shelf (COTS) computer into existing simulation systems that are based on the Applied Dynamics ADvantage Framewor…
Speeding Aircraft Development from Preliminary Design through Certification
Rapid advancements in avionics systems require moving from concept to certification as quickly and efficiently as possible. Simulation has proven to be invaluable in reducing development cycle times by enabling more efficient development work earlie…
Jet Engine HIL Simulation for Electronic Control System Testing
Successful jet engine development depends as much on the quality of the electronic engine control system as it does on engine design. Hardware-in-the-loop testing puts an engine control system through test scenarios identical to those carried out in…
A Momentum Form of Kane’s Equations for Scleronomic Systems
Kane’s dynamical equations are an efficient and widely used method for deriving the equations of motion for multibody systems. Despite their popularity, no publication has appeared which adapts them for use with port-based modelling tools such as bo…
Dynamics of Real-Time Simulation – Chapter 2 – Z Transforms Applied to Real Time
2.1Introduction The method of Z transforms was originally developed for analysis of sampled-data control systems, i.e., dynamic systems utilizing a mixture of continuous and discrete time signals. This is just the case, for example, when a digita…